My Own Progression through the Psychosexual Stages of...

Before I get started I just want to note that this paper made me realize how far I have developed from my childhood and even the beginning of high school. With that said I’m going to describe my own progression through the psychosexual stages of development. The first stage is the oral stage, which begins when you’re born to 18 months. This has to do with the infants’ pleasure centers on the mouth. Things such as chewing, sucking, and biting are the sources of pleasure that reduce tension in the infant. Since I wasn’t able to remember this part of my life I asked my parents how I was during this age. According to my parents I wasn’t difficult when it came to weaning from breastfeeding to a bottle. I believe the reason behind this is when†¦show more content†¦I remember that I was afraid of getting up at night when I was younger, so maybe that had something to do with it. It’s really embarrassing to say it, but I’m being honest. After that one incident I never was afraid to get up and go to the bathroom. I was so embarrassed that I never wanted it to happen again. The third stage is the phallic stage. This stage begins from age three to six. Freud’s third stage comes from the Latin word phallus, which means â€Å"penis.† This stage deals with overcoming the Oedipus complex by identifying with the same-sex parent. The Oedipus complex is the boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. This stage took me some time to remember when I overcame the Oedipus complex. With some thought I finally got it. First off I will start out by saying this. When I was younger I remember being a mama’s boy for a little because my dad was trying to make me tough; not that he didn’t love me but he was stern like a father should be to his son. At a young age you don’t really understand this so you take it the wrong way. There was a time when I wanted to be tougher than my dad but I guess I was just trying to impress my mom. Once, I got older things changed and I wanted to be just like my father. When that change happened and I was interested in being like my dad that’s when I overcame the Oedipus complex . The next stage is the latency stage. The latency stage is the fourth stage of the psychosexual stages.Show MoreRelatedResearch Reaction Paper2561 Words   |  11 PagesResearch Reaction Psychosocial Development Based on Age of First Birth PS315 Theories of Personality Summary Topic area: Teenage pregnancy is one of the most common problems that are growing worldwide. This condition is most predominant in developed countries like the U.S. There are a number of factors responsible for teenage pregnancy. 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These factors express that leisure helps an individual to develop their identity andRead MoreLife Span Development Reflective Paper5968 Words   |  24 PagesLife Span Development Reflective Paper Introduction Brenda Watson Leadership Coaching September 19, 2010 This has been a very fascinating journey from prenatal, birth to old age. The goal of this paper is to show how my knowledge and understanding of life span development has increased, as well as demonstrate how this knowledge and understanding will apply to and can be used within my area of specialization, Leadership Coaching. As a Social Worker, I have had the opportunity to work withRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14194 Words   |  57 PagesDefinition of Adolescent development: The development of children ages 12 through 19 years old is expected to include predictable physical and mental milestones. Introduction Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mentalRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14200 Words   |  57 PagesDefinition of Adolescent development: The development of children ages 12 through 19 years old is expected to include predictable physical and mental milestones. Introduction Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical

Leisure Activities - 1499 Words

Research Report Leisure activities Abstract Leisure activities play a significant role in daily life of overseas students who have heavy burden of study. The purpose of this study was dissect the attitude of international students for leisure activities and examined the reason why they changed their leisure activities after coming to Australia. A questionnaire was designed collectively and distributed to fifty students from the UWS College. The findings indicated that majority of international students chose to do indoor activities instead of outdoor activities after coming to Australia. In addition, students spent less time doing leisure activities in Australia compared to their home country. Future studies should include a wide sample†¦show more content†¦Results 50 international students took part in this survey about leisure activities, which included 20 males and 30 females. The majority of respondents came from Asian countries (98%). The age of the sample was mainly between 21 to 25 years by 60%. Fig1: Types of leisure-time activities [pic]Figure 1 compares the types of leisure activities in Australia and in home country. Overall, 22% students did some sport in leisure time and 32% students had some entertainment activities in Australia. It was similar to students who live in home country. On the other hand, there is an eightfold decrease in the number of students who chose to meet with friends between home country and Australia. 42% students chose to stay at home in Australia while only 6% students elected that in home country. Fig2: The factors which make students to change their leisure activities Figure 2 illustrates that the reason of students changed their leisure activities. More than 75% international students changed their leisure activities caused â€Å"Time† (27%) â€Å"Money† (23%) and â€Å"Study† (25%). In contrast, â€Å"Do not have friends to do leisure activities with† was represented by 3% for students. Fig3: The purpose of leisure activities [pic]Figure 3 highlights the percentage of purpose which students do leisure activitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Leisure Activities On Leisure Pursuits1709 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Leisure is an important aspect of individuals’ daily lives that enhances life satisfaction, enriches mental and physical development, and improves relationships with family, friends, or significant others (Brightbill, 1961). In addition, Robert Stebbins (1992) created the concept of serious leisure to help explain how people dedicate their time and efforts towards their leisure and to explain the characteristics that reflect these participants’ seriousness in their leisure pursuits. ARead MoreBenefits Of Recreational Leisure Activities1191 Words   |  5 Pagesdo an activity, which benefits one’s body, soul and mind (Harnik, 2016). 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Employee Turnover in Egypt free essay sample

The measures for analysis are the factors affecting this phenomenon (company image, the pay satisfaction, nature of work, nature of peer group, peer self-comparison, internal career/growth opportunity, outside career opportunity, the degree of match between what was expected and what was achieved in the present job) and its impact on the performance of organizations. It was found that Labor Turnover affects negatively the performance of organizations and the most important factors affecting turnover are; internal career/growth opportunity, the pay satisfaction, outside career opportunity and the degree of match between what was expected and what was achieved in the present job. Introduction Labor turnover is a term that is widely used by many human resource practitioners. The term â€Å"turnover† is defined by Price (1977) as: â€Å"The ratio of the employees of organization who left in a particular period of time with the average number of employees in that organization during the same period of time†. According to Currivan (1999), â€Å"Turnover is a behavior which describes the process of leaving or replacing employees in an organization†. to the comment given by Becker (1999) that the most common cause of employees leaving their jobs is inability of the employees to match their skills against the skills demanded by the job. According to Kevin et al (2004), although there is no standard framework for understanding employee’s turnover Processes as whole, a wide range of factors have been found useful in interpreting employee turnover. Turnover has considerable impact on an organization performance as it should be properly addressed and measured. In a survey conducted by Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) in 2005, different responses towards turnover were revealed as follows: 52 % of the respondents felt that labor turnover had a minor negative effect on organizational performance. 21 % stated that there was no effect. 17 % stated that a serious negative effect. And 9 % that there was a positive effect. Past researches concluded that employee turnover has very negative effect on the operating performance of an organization with the help of theoretical and empirical analysis and this is due to interruption of daily organizational routines (Dalton and Todor 1979, Bluedorn 1982). On the other hand, many other researchers found that organization gets benefit due to fresh blood and innovative thinking and also increases the motivational level of employees that bring to a new job (Abelson and Baysinger 1984, Mowday et al. 1982). Fahad Abdali. (2011), Most turnover research has been carried out in the United States and is predominantly quantitative theory testing using cross-sectional designs. It is dominated by studies in the psychological tradition that place turnover as a dependent variable and explore its antecedents in private sector contexts. There is much less work on turnover as an independent variable and hence its relationship to organizational performance and there is relatively little research on turnover in the Gulf region where there are big social, cultural and labour market differences in relation to the West. STEPHEN SWAILES SALEH AL FAHDI. (2010)) The reason that why, this research topic was selected because in our environment most of the workers are not satisfied with their jobs and most of them are quiet their jobs when they find relatively better job than that one. The reason is not that they are not competent but there are few factors the effect the commitment and satisfaction of the employee towards their j ob, some are employee workload, work stress, salary, job satisfaction, and work to family conflict. Muhammad Naeem Tariq. (2013) Problem identification The reason that why, this research topic was selected because in our country many of workers are not satisfied with their current job and there was observed high rate for Labor Turnover especially in private sector where this study takes place. Research objectives †¢ Identifying the relation between labor turnover and organization performance in the Egyptian private sector. †¢ Finding solutions for labor turnover problem. Literature review Muhammad Naeem Tariq. (2013), suggested that job satisfaction and affective commitment as the basic variables with turnover intentions. He further argues that no support was found in the results for continuance dedication as a variable with turnover intentions. The results also concluded that significant positive correlations were found for the distal variables workload, work stress, employee salary, job satisfaction, and work to family conflict. Also suggested that the first, quitting is a salient, major life event, and people remember the details surrounding such events relatively easily. Second, quitting tends to be associated with affective arousal, be it negative or positive; such events are more easily remembered than those with little accompanying affective arousal. Moreover, people often remember such events better after a long rather than a short period of time. Also, time since quitting was unrelated to decision type; lessening the chance that memory decay had an effect on the findings. They further analyze that it is fair to say that lecturers will put in their best when the work environment is conducive; when there are good welfare packages like good houses, adequate health and medical insurance, training and development opportunities and other relevant fringe benefits. In the absence of these, it can only be expected that frustration and eventually quits will result. Given their role in society, there is a strong case to pay special attention to university academics while not constituting them into a special class. However, it is important to further explore opportunities to provide more incentives to enable lecturers maximize their role in the development process. In doing this, we have also shown that economic incentives on their own do not provide sufficient motivation for university teachers. Another possibility is that the relationships discovered could be partially due to employee schemata or implicit theories of turnover. However, if such schemata reflect reality or are widely held by employees, they may not threaten the validity of our findings. Also defines that the top management change or employee turnover is to be any change in the set of individuals holding the title of chief executive officer (CEO), president or chairman of the board. His major hypothesis is that the probability of a top management change is inversely related to performance of an organization. Using a random sample of listed firms, He tested the hypothesis with a prediction procedure to exploit information on firms that do not experience a management change. At last he found that change in top management inversely related to the efficiency of the organization. And reported that the rate at which staff change jobs has posed a serious problem for employers in the private and public sectors. Since, staff employee turnover generally breaks the stability, consistency and continuity of work, makes long-term planning more difficult, it leads to shortages of staff which in turn can raise the workloads of other employees, and raises the costs of recruiting and training staff. They further analyze that it is fair to say that lecturers will put in their best when the work environment is conducive; when there are good welfare packages like good houses, adequate health and medical insurance, training and development opportunities and other relevant fringe benefits. In the absence of these, it can only be expected that frustration and eventually quits will result. Given their role in society, there is a strong case to pay special attention to university academics while not constituting them into a special class. However, it is important to further explore opportunities to provide more incentives to enable lecturers maximize their role in the development process. In doing this, we have also shown that economic incentives on their own do not provide sufficient motivation for university teachers. Boondarig Ronra (2008), defines job satisfaction as â€Å"a collection of feelings that an individual holds towards his or her job. † In summary, job satisfaction is a collection of positive feelings or an emotional state that a person perceives based on a variety of aspects of the work itself or work environment. Job satisfaction is correlated to life satisfaction which means that people who satisfied with life will tend to be satisfied with the job and people who are satisfied with their job will tend to be satisfied with their life. Ellen S. Kehoe. (2009) , People are important component of any organization. Successful organizations strive to maintain a low level of employee turnover because of its associated organizational impacts and costs. Thomas Korankye. (2012), that it cost twice the employer to get a new employee than to retain an existing employee. Most of these costs can be attributed to mistakes, errors and poor service the newly recruited employee will provide to customers whilst learning on the job. Ellen S. Kehoe. (2009) ,All organizations need to focus on attracting potential employees who will become productive members of the organization. Thomas Korankye. (2012), employees are seen as major contributors to organizations competitive advantage and as such for the competitive advantage to be maintained, labour turnover should be discouraged by management. Whilst their literature points to the fact that labour turnover can have a negative impact on organization’s performance, it is not everyone who will abide by that idea and as such part of the literature will examine what causes employee turnover and the impact it has on organizations. The banking industry in any economy is considered as crucial and as such poor performance of the industry can have a diverse effect on the economy as a whole. Organization with strong communication systems enjoyed lower turnover of staff. This is based on the idea that employees feel comfortable to stay longer in positions where they are involved in some level of the decision-making process. That is employees should fully understand about issues that affect their working atmosphere. Apart from non-involvement in decision making. Boondarig Ronra (2008), the way of measuring employee turnover is to measure the number of leavers in a particular period as a percentage of the number of total employees during the same period. The organization will usually calculate employee turnover rate on a quarterly or annual basis. Turnover rate is sometimes called the separation rate, and it is revealed as below: (Number of leavers\ Average no. working) x 100 = Separation rate This formula will present a percentage rate of employee turnover for the organization, and can also be used for a comparative relation over the time. This method too can be used as the indicator to compare particular organization to the industry’s average turnover rate. This is known as benchmarking. Fahad Abdali. (2011),Employee turnover may be classified into five categories a) Functional Vs Dysfunctional Turnover: Functional turnover can be defined as â€Å"A turnover in which poor performers leave† while Dysfunctional turnover can be defined as â€Å"A turnover in which good performers leave† b) Avoidable Vs. Unavoidable Turnover: A turnover that happens in avoidable circumstances is called ‘Avoidable Turnover’, where as â€Å"A turnover that happens in unavoidable circumstances is called ‘Unavoidable Turnover’ c) Voluntary v/s Involuntary Turnover: Voluntary turnover can be defined as â€Å"The turnover in which employee has own choice to quit or instances of turnover initiated at the choice of employees† where involuntary turnover can be defined as â€Å"The turnover in which employees have no choice in their termination e. g. sickness, death, moving abroad or employer’s initiated termination†. d) Internal Vs External Turnover: Turnover can be classified as ‘internal turnover’ or ‘external turnover’. Internal turnover happens when employees send-off their current position and getting a new position within the same organization. It is related with the internal recruitment where organizations filling the vacant position by their employee or recruiting within the organization. e) Skilled Vs Unskilled Turnover Untrained, uneducated and unskilled positions often face high turnover rate. Without the organization or business incurring any loss of performance, employees can generally be replaced. On the other hand skilled and educated positions may create a risk to the organization while leaving. Therefore turnover for skilled and educated professionals incur replacement costs as well as competitive disadvantage of the business. Research Hypotheses Main Hypothesis: H0: The labor turnover positively affects the performance of the organization. H1: The labor turnover negatively affects the performance of the organization. Other hypotheses: H1: pay satisfaction influence labor turnover intentions negatively. H2: internal career/growth opportunity provided by organization influence labor turnover negatively. H3: outside career opportunity influence labor turnover intentions negatively. H4: The degree of match between what was expected and what was achieved in the present job positively influence labor turnover intentions.

Nazism And World War II Essays (2352 words) - Adolf Hitler

Nazism and World War II The National Socialist German Workers' Party almost died one morning in 1919. It numbered only a few dozen grumblers' it had no organization and no political ideas. But many among the middle class admired the Nazis' muscular opposition to the Social Democrats. And the Nazis themes of patriotism and militarism drew highly emotional responses from people who could not forget Germany's prewar imperial grandeur. In the national elections of September 1930, the Nazis garnered nearly 6.5 million votes and became second only to the Social Democrats as the most popular party in Germany. In Northeim, where in 1928 Nazi candidates had received 123 votes, they now polled 1,742, a respectable 28 percent of the total. The nationwide success drew even faster... in just three years, party membership would rise from about 100,000 to almost a million, and the number of local branches would increase tenfold. The new members included working-class people, farmers, and middle-class professionals. They were both better educated and younger then the Old Fighters, who had been the backbone of the party during its first decade. The Nazis now presented themselves as the party of the young, the strong, and the pure, in opposition to an establishment populated by the elderly, the weak, and the dissolute. Hitler was born in a small town in Austria in 1889. As a young boy, he showed little ambition. After dropping out of high school, he moved to Vienna to study art, but he was denied the chance to join Vienna academy of fine arts. When WWI broke out, Hitler joined Kaiser Wilhelmer's army as a Corporal. He was not a person of great importance. He was a creature of a Germany created by WWI, and his behavior was shaped by that war and its consequences. He had emerged from Austria with many prejudices, including a powerful prejudice against Jews. Again, he was a product of his times... for many Austrians and Germans were prejudiced against the Jews. In Hitler's case the prejudice had become maniacal it was a dominant force in his private and political personalities. Anti-Semitism was not a policy for Adolf Hitler--it was religion. And in the Germany of the 1920s, stunned by defeat, and the ravages of the Versailles treaty, it was not hard for a leader to convince millions that one element of the nation's society was responsible for most of the evils heaped upon it. The fact is that Hitler's anti-Semitism was self-inflicted obstacle to his political success. The Jews, like other Germans, were shocked by the discovery that the war had not been fought to a standstill, as they were led to believe in November 1918, but that Germany had , in fact, been defeated and was to be treated as a vanquished country. Had Hitler not embarked on his policy of disestablishing the Jews as Germans, and later of exterminating them in Europe, he could have counted on their loyalty. There is no reason to believe anything else. On the evening of November 8, 1923, Wyuke Vavaruab State Cinnussuiber Gustav Rutter von Kahr was making a political speech in Munich's sprawling B?rgerbr?ukeller, some 600 Nazis and right-wing sympathizers surrounded the beer hall. Hitler burst into the building and leaped onto a table, brandishing a revolver and firing a shot into the ceiling. ?The National Revolution,? he cried, ?has begun!? At that point, informed that fighting had broken out in another part of the city, Hitler rushed to that scene. His prisoners were allowed to leave, and they talked about organizing defenses against the Nazi coup. Hitler was of course furious. And he was far from finished. At about 11 o'clock on the morning of November 9--the anniversary of the founding of the German Republic in 1919--3,000 Hitler partisans again gathered outside the B?rgerbr?ukeller. To this day, no one knows who fired the first shot. But a shot rang out, and it was followed by fusillades from both sides. Hermann G?ring fell wounded in the thigh and both legs. Hitler flattened himself against the pavement; he was unhurt. General Ludenorff continued to march stolidly toward the police line, which parted to let him pass through (he was later arrested, tried and acquitted). Behind

Airline Analysis

Airline Analysis Statement of Problem: SlugAir, a small regional airline, aspires to become a much larger airline. They pride themselves on being an efficient, single-class, on-time and reliable airline. This airline appeals to those who want reliable, get me where I wanna go service whether the passengers be the everyday traveler or a cost-conscious business traveler. Currently, SlugAir serves small locations throughout California and the Western US. SlugAir serves these locations by feeding hubs for the national carriers and servicing routes that avoid the major hubs. This strategy has allowed SlugAir to become a very profitable small no frills airline. Most airlines are organized in what is called hubs and spokes. The hubs are two major cities that all of the airline's flights fly out of to smaller cities called the spokes. In between the hubs is what is considered the airlines main route as the flights in between the hubs are the companies most profitable.United AirlinesFlights to the spokes make the airline extra money and people on these flights usually have a lay over at the hub and then go onto the smaller city or may even switch planes to get to their final destination. Thus, the airline feeds its own route by flying to their hubs ( main money making cities) on the way to also getting those that want to get to smaller cities to their destinations. In order for SlugAir to become bigger and more profitable it must open a route between two major cities in the west. For efficiency, these cities need to be ones that it currently services in order to allow them to feed their own route. The competitors that we are considering are 1) United 2) Alaska 3) Delta and 4) Southwest. In order to find the best possible route to open we will...

F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter Profile

F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter Profile The Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk was the worlds first operational stealth aircraft. Designed to evade enemy radar systems, the F-117A was developed as a stealth attack aircraft by Lockheeds famed Skunk Works unit in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Though in use in by 1983, the existence of the F-117A was not acknowledged until 1988 and the aircraft was not fully revealed to the public until 1990. Though used in 1989 over Panama, the F-117As first major conflict was Operation Desert Shield/Storm in 1990-1991. The aircraft remained in service until being formally retired in 2008. Stealth During the Vietnam War radar-guided, surface-to-air missiles began to take an increasingly heavy toll on American aircraft. As a result of these losses, American planners began seeking a way to make an aircraft invisible to radar. The theory behind their efforts was initially developed by Russian mathematician Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev in 1964. Theorizing that the radar return of a given object was not related to its size but rather its edge configuration, he believed that he could calculate the radar cross-section across a wings surface and along its edge. Utilizing this knowledge, Ufimtsev conjectured that even a large aircraft could be made stealthy. Unfortunately, any aircraft taking advantage of his theories would be inherently unstable. As the technology of the day was incapable of producing the flight computers necessary to compensate for this instability, his concepts were shelved. Several years later, an analyst at Lockheed came across a paper about Ufimtsevs theories and, as technology had sufficiently advanced, the company began developing a stealth aircraft based on the Russians work. Development Development of the F-117 began as a top secret black project at Lockheeds famed Advanced Development Projects unit, better known as the Skunk Works. First developing a model of the new aircraft in 1975 dubbed the Hopeless Diamond due to its odd shape, Lockheed built two test aircraft under the Have Blue contract to test the designs radar-defying properties. Smaller than the F-117, the Have Blue planes flew night test missions over the Nevada desert between 1977 and 1979. Utilizing the F-16s single-axis fly-by-wire system, the Have Blue planes solved the instability issues and were invisible to radar. Lockheed Have Blue test aircraft. US Air Force Pleased with the programs results, the US Air Force issued a contract to Lockheed on November 1, 1978, for the design and production of a full-sized, stealth aircraft. Led by Skunk Works chief Ben Rich, with assistance from Bill Schroeder and Denys Overholser, the design team used specially designed software to create an aircraft which used facets (flat panels) to scatter over 99% of radar signals. The final result was an odd-looking aircraft that featured quadruple-redundant fly-by-wire flight controls, an advanced inertial guidance system, and sophisticated GPS navigation. To minimize the aircrafts radar signature, designers were forced to exclude onboard radar as well as minimize the engine inlets, outlets, and thrust. The result was a subsonic attack bomber capable of carrying 5,000 lbs. of ordnance in an internal bay. Created under the Senior Trend Program, the new F-117 first flew on June 18, 1981, only a mere thirty-one months after moving into full-scale development. Designated the F-117A Nighthawk, the first production aircraft was delivered the following year with operational capability reached in October 1983. All told 59 aircraft were built and delivered by 1990. F-117A Nighthawk GeneralLength: 69 ft. 9 in.Wingspan: 43 ft. 4 in.Height: 12 ft. 9.5 in.Wing Area: 780 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 29,500 lbs.Loaded Weight: 52,500 lbs.Crew: 1PerformancePower Plant: 2 Ãâ€" General Electric F404-F1D2 turbofansRange: 930 milesMax Speed: Mach 0.92Ceiling: 69,000 ft.Armament2 Ãâ€" internal weapons bays with one hard point each (total of two weapons) Operational History Due to the extreme secrecy of the F-117 program, the aircraft was first based at isolated Tonopah Test Range Airport in Nevada as part of the 4450th Tactical Group. To aid in protecting the secret, official records at the time listed the 4450th as being based at Nellis Air Force Base and flying A-7 Corsair IIs. It was not until 1988 that the Air Force acknowledged the existence of the stealth fighter and released a fuzzy photograph of the aircraft. Two years later, in April 1990, it was publicly revealed when two F-117As arrived at Nellis during daylight hours. F-117A Nighthawk. US Air Force Gulf War With the crisis in Kuwait developing that August, the F-117A, now assigned to the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing, deployed to the Middle East. Operation Desert Shield/Storm was the aircrafts first large-scale combat debut, though two had been secretly used as part of the invasion of Panama in 1989. A key component of the coalition air strategy, the F-117A flew 1,300 sorties during the Gulf War and struck 1,600 targets. The forty-two F-117As of the 37th TFW succeeded in scoring an 80% hit rate and were among the few aircraft cleared to strike targets in downtown Baghdad. Kosovo Returning from the Gulf, the F-117A fleet was shifted to Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico in 1992 and became part of the 49th Fighter Wing. In 1999, the F-117A was used in the Kosovo War as part of Operation Allied Force. During the conflict, an F-117A flown by Lieutenant Colonel Dale Zelko was downed by a specially modified SA-3 Goa surface-to-air missile. Serbian forces were able to briefly detect the aircraft by operating their radar on unusually long wavelengths. Though Zelko was rescued, the remains of the aircraft were captured and some of the technology compromised. In the years after the September 11 attacks, the F-117A flew combat missions in support of both Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. In the latter case, it dropped the opening bombs of the war when F-117s struck a leadership target in the conflicts opening hours in March 2003. Though a highly successful aircraft, the F-117As technology was becoming outmoded by 2005 and maintenance costs were rising. F-117A Nighthawk on display at the National Museum of the US Air Force. US Air Force Retirement With the introduction of the F-22 Raptor and development of the F-35 Lightning II, Program Budget Decision 720 (issued December 28, 2005) proposed retiring the F-117A fleet by October 2008. Though the US Air Force had intended to keep the aircraft in service until 2011, it decided to begin retiring it to enable the purchase of additional F-22s. Due to the sensitive nature of the F-117A, it was decided to retire the aircraft to its original base at Tonopah where they would be partially disassembled and placed in storage. While the first F-117As left the fleet in March 2007, the final aircraft departed active service on April 22, 2008. That same day official retirement ceremonies were held. Four F-117As remained in brief service with the 410th Flight Test Squadron at Palmdale, CA and were taken to Tonopah in August 2008.

Oil Company and Pipeline Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oil Company and Pipeline - Case Study Example The case fall under the Alberta’s Pipeline Act, Pipeline Regulation, and applicable Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standards. Lance was hired by Bikal within the contract period to inspect the pipeline. Bikal’s contract was under the following condition â€Å"to maintain Akel’s refinery with the agreement of payment only during the uptime of the refinery†. This shows that Baikal was in the line of duty and sought to hire an outside company to work on the inspection. It is professionally ethical to consult with other companies to provide services. Baikal therefore, was to enforce a contract with Lance by having a written agreement so that the contract between the two was enforceable by law. Lance duty was to ensure proper inspection was done. Engineering allows for non-destructive testing of the materials in this case the refinery has the pipelines. What lance did was to work on the minor aspects of the pumping system as well as keep time as required by Baikal. This case is based on the pressure in the system where they were right to check the source of the pressure that is the pump. Engineering formulates guidelines on how to undertake such measures to prevent leakages in the drainage and unnecessary pressure build up, the material under testing. This provides necessary actions and safety measures for pressure testing. Akel the contracting company who owns the refinery plays a role in the case as the paying party. Failure of the system to operate means the termination of the Baikal contract. This case has incurred Akel several expenditures from the replacement of the pump as well as the broken pipeline. Akel is obliged to ask what went wrong as he enquired and found out that the first report submitted by Lance engineers was inadequate, missing standard tests. The problem was primarily due to erosion in the pipe and could have possibly led to a disaster. Lance engineers cited that â€Å"Baikal had given them

Business Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Analysis - Case Study Example The Company drew popularity in the 1940s as a cleaning company that offered its services to the defense forces of nations especially those involved in war. The Tennant brand is strong and so is its positioning within the market. They currently hold approximately fifteen percent of the global market share, with sales growing faster than many of their competitors. Tennant’s focus was rare as they chose to deliver a sustainable value to their customers without compromising on price or performance. This strength is not imitable with new companies as it something that is built over time although many existing companies have built the same brand strength with their products. This strength has proved to be a sustainable competitive advantage for Tennant. They have exploited this strength and achieved organization. Key Issues 1) Tennant needs a strategic plan that will assure them future growth in the wake of competition and uncertainty in the market. 2) The market diversification pla ns at Tennant are intense. Tennant should focus on making their current product lines stronger. 3) Tennant is constantly facing new competition, much of which is offering discounted products making it difficult for Tennant and other companies in the industry to compete. Criteria and Evaluation of Alternatives by Criteria SWOT Analysis Strengths Tennant has strength in their discovery and early adoption of new technologies. It has allowed them to build relationships with various suppliers and service providers and has helped further build their brand name and recognition within the industry. This strength will be critical if Tennant chooses to venture in to new market segments or further expand their product line as they will always be a step ahead of their competition. This strength has proved to be a key competitive advantage for Tennant. They have exploited this strength and achieved organization. Weaknesses This industry is mostly affected by the growing consumer demands that sur pass production capability of any company. Due to this identified demand, the industry has experienced substantial growth, emanating from the expansion of market by competitors. Opportunities also arise as a result of growth. This is reflected by the current state of intense competition in the industry. Political factors fuel this demand especially due to policies regulating health standards and application of such efforts to ensure cleanliness. Opportunities The primary identified opportunity of the industry is that of providing chemical-free cleaning product alternatives as supplements to their already established product lin

Solar Energy Essay Example for Free

Solar Energy Essay |The increasing cost of energy and the reality of almost-depleted oil resources have driven man to discover alternative sources. And now, the human race has turned to the basic elements of nature by harnessing energy from wind, water, and the sun. Solar energy is a renewable form of energy and has been a major focus as an alternative source.   It offers promising potentials as a clean renewable form of energy but it also has its limitations. Sun, as our closest star, is practically an indirect and direct source of available energy here on Earth.    But it was only until recently that the potentials of solar energy appealed to society as it has been greatly improved through research and study. The sun’s energy originates from the nuclear reactions at its core where temperature reaches 15 millions  °C.   It reaches the Earth’s surface in form of light and heat and can be gained at 1Kw/ m2 under optimal conditions.   In order to use solar radiation there has to be a way to capture the energy.   Solar panels are invented to collect the sun’s energy and can de converted directly or indirectly  ¦to other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity.   Applications of solar energy can be for heating/cooling, electricity production, and chemical processes such as in solar detoxification technologies for cleaning water and air. There are many advantages of solar energy over other conventional forms.     As a renewable form of energy, the primary benefit of this is that it will never run out.   The sun provides unlimited supply of solar energy, and is virtually free after the user recovers the initial cost of installation.   The use of solar panels in homes does not need fuels and produces no waste or pollution.   The Clean Energy Ideas website further presented on the advantages of solar power that the only pollution that could be associated with this is may be during the production of the cell and transportation to ones home.   But by the time that it is installed, this solar power system has the total lack of pollution given off. Solar energy also has the ability to harness power in remote locations.   It has an advantage to bring electricity in the remote places on earth as long as the sun contains enough energy in that location. Mountain communities, for example, could benefit a lot from the electricity powered by solar energy as constructing conventional power lines in these places will be very difficult or near impossible due to expensive cost it would incur. Solar energy power system can be stand alone structures that do not require connection to power or natural gas grid. A major limitation of solar energy is its ability to collect and store energy so there is a constant power supply.   Since it cannot function at night when the sun’s power is not available or in places where the sun is not able to provide enough energy for the amount of energy needed for use, there are times that back up energy source is needed.   The irregular and variable manner that solar energy arrives on earth limits the use of this form of energy.   Large areas are also needed to collect it at a useful rate. In the United Kingdom, for example, where the country experiences not a very sunny climate, solar power is use only for low power application.   Jesse Ausebel of the of the Rockefeller University in New York in his article for the Indersciences International Journal of Nuclear Governance, Economy and Ecology, claims that renewable energy is not always green (Inderscience, 2007). He criticized solar power since a â€Å"photovoltaic solar cell plant would require painting black about than 150 square kilometers plus land for storage and retrieval to equal a 1000 MWe nuclear plant†. Since this form of   renewable energy involves vast infrastructure, such as concrete, steel, and access roads, Ausebel further added that As a Green, one of my credos is no new structures but renewables all involve ten times or more stuff per kilowatt as natural gas or nuclear, (Inderscience, 2007). The initial cost of installation of solar panels or building solar power stations can be very expensive, discouraging some of the could-be users of solar energy.   It has appealed mostly to the affluent members of society and environment advocates because buying and installing solar power equipment can cost $15,000 for an average-size home before any current starts to flow a John Greenwald wrote in his article for Time magazine (Greenwald, 1993). Advance studies and research, however, are trying to lower the cost of installation so that this could be accessible to more people.   The technology in harnessing the potentials of solar energy is getting better and cheaper with the passing years.   The price of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity has fallen from $500 a watt in the 1960s to about $4 in the 1990s and companies are still finding ways to reduce the cost for residential use (Greenwald, 1993). As the technology is getting better, support from the federal government are also coming in.   Jimmy Carter earlier created tax breaks to spur solar development but this was later scrapped by Ronald Reagan who viewed this as meddling in the energy business, which impeded the development of renewable energy for about 10 years (Greenwald, 1993). With the current situation of our environment, however, the government and the society in general recognizes the need and benefit from developing and improving solar energy. The use of solar energy for electricity is not a farfetched idea as the technology has gone through vast improvements.   Researchers believe that solar energy is soon going to play a major role in electricity generation for the masses.   Production of this on a larger scale are being studied and improved. Budget allocations for these research and studies are being increased in countries around the world signifying that people are finally recognizing the advantages of this renewable form of energy. Energy is needed to spur human activities.   Solar energy indeed poses promising potentials in a society where conventional sources of energy are near depletion.   Undeniably, the solar energy has its limitations, but these are slowly and surely overcome with technological advances and it will not be for long when this energy form will be produced in a larger scale and cheaper rate accessible for homes around the globe. WORKS CITED:    Clean Energy Ideas. http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/solar_panels.html Greenwald, John. Here Comes the Sun. 18 October 1993. Time magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979413-3,00.html A Brief Introduction to Solar Energy. My Solar Power at Home. http://www.mysolarenergyathome.com/ Natural Resources Canada. Renewable Energy. http://canren.gc.ca/tech_appl/index.asp?CaId=5PgId=121 Renewable Energy Wrecks Environment, According To Researcher. Inderscience Publishers. 25 July 2007 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070724160209.htm

Famous All Over Town by Danny Santiago Essay -- Famous All

Every individual has times in their life where they feel isolated and alone. When this occurrs a person will search for ways to connect or feel important.. The person will do anything they can to be noticed and appreciated. In the novel, Famous All Over Town, by Danny Santiago the main character, Chato, has many reasons to feel lonely. In almost every aspect of his life he is being let down in one way or another. He has to try to deal with a family on the brink of falling apart, he has to go to a school which doesn't teach anything "fun," and he has friends that are a bad influence on him. The novel reveals how he has to endure hardships, most of us do not have, to get through a day. By the end of the novel the reader begins to understand why Chato starts to write on buildings all over town. For most individuals the home is a safe dependable environment when the world seems to be threatening. Ideally, family members support one another. This is not the case with Chato. His home is a place where he feels the most isolated. One reason he might feel this way is because of all the secrets that are being kept in his home. What bothers Chato the most is the secret his sister, Lena, is keeping from everyone but their mother. He wants to know from his sister the identity of the man who is hiding his suitcase in their shed. She lies to Chato and tells him that the man is just a friend, but Chato finds out the truth. When he does, Lena isn't very happy with him and she says, "Your're a snot nosed metiche. Get out of my life." She continues, "And don't expect me to kiss your ass!'É..'Go ahead and tell my father you little snitch baby.'"(l0l) Maybe if the family was more supportive of one another they wouldn't find it necessary to keep se... ...him down. She might have written more paragraphs on each of her main points. There are many more examples in the novel. She had more thoroughly EXPLAINED how each of the direct quotations and situations she used showed that Chato was being let down and how he felt about it. The reader could have gained MORE insight into Chato's life. I wanted to hear more about the relationship between Chato and his family. I wanted to know more about WHY his sister was keeping secrets, and why Chato was so let down by her calling him a little "snitch." It all sounded pretty much like ordinary bickering between a brother and a sister to me. I wanted her to better explain WHY Chato was being let down.Overall, I just wanted to know MORE. She needed to develop each of these examples more fully. She needed to get more "into" the feelings of Chato and explain them to her reader. Â  

The Thing in the Forrest

Sometimes in life when we have an experience that deeply affects us, it can change our whole perspective. The story â€Å"The Thing in the forest† is a example of how this can happen. The two main characters Penny and Primrose meet when they are children and share a horrific experience in the forest. Then by chance meet back at the scene and briefly reassure one another that what happened really did happen. But their contact ends there once again almost as if seeing each other was too uncomfortable. Then oddly enough both women end up going back to the forest looking for some kind of resolve. In â€Å"The Thing in the Forest† the two little girls encounter a terrifying creature that profoundly affects their sense of reality; this results in similar personal traits and shared sense of searching for what’s real despite that they never talk of it. When the two girls meet not much is given about their characters, however throughout the story we find that the two ladies have quite a few things in common. This is due to their experience in the forest that they shared so long ago. Some of the similarities are within their character and some are sheer coincidence. Neither woman has married probably because of their disrupted childhood when they were exiled from their families and sent to live in the â€Å"great house† by the woods until it was safe again at home (Byatt). This is when Penny and Primrose decide to go into the woods and are followed by a younger girl who is never seen again. The girls encounter a creature that smelled of â€Å"liquid putrefaction† and looked like a mixture of â€Å"rank meat and decaying vegetation† (Byatt). The wake of the creature leaves â€Å"a trail of bloody slime and dead vegetation† in which the younger girl disappears (Byatt). Then the very next day the girls are placed with temporary families. Once home again both girls fathers die in accidents. Penny’s father died in a firefighting accident and Primroses was a causality of the war as he was soldier. The experience of being exiled, their fathers sudden deaths and and seeing this terrifying creature that possibly killed the younger girl has hanged their sense of what is real, I’m sure the concept of love and relationship is very easily questioned for the both of them. Both women also have chosen jobs that work with children; Penny becomes a child psychologist dealing mostly dealing in the dreams of children and Primrose among her other odd jobs becomes a children’s story time teller at the local mall. Both women are embroiled with children and their minds just on different ends of the spectrum. One lis tens and one tells. When Penny and Primrose meet by quirk of fate back at the â€Å"great house†, that has now been given to the nation and made in to a museum, they are taken aback by the unplanned visit. They become aware of each other while reading a description of a story in a book about a fabled worm like creature that supposedly lurked in the woods near by. The alarm of the story and the by chance meeting of the two women while simultaneously reading its historic description jolts the two. They feel as if they would have never recognized each other if it weren’t for the given situation. They reassure each other that they both really did see the creature that it is real. The women remark on how strange it is that the children’s presence during the exile is not depicted anywhere in the history of the house. This lack of mention about the children in exile ever being in the house reaffirms some of the question of what is real in the two women’s minds. They decide on having some tea and reminisce a little more about the time they spent in exile, on the train, in the â€Å"great house†, brief tidbits of their life and the younger girl named Alys who had disappeared. It did finish her off, that little one, didn’t it? † â€Å"I wonder if we’d made her up,† said Primrose. â€Å"Nobody ever asked where she was or looked for her,† said Penny (Byatt). The women are slightly relived at their agreement because this gives them the assurance they need not to feel as if they made the whole thing up. The assumed death of the you nger girl could be said to mirror the psychological death of Penny and Primrose, and this reassurance helps them feel as if they can finally move on. This brief conversation between the two is the last contact they will have with each other. The women both decide not to honor the dinner date they planed, I believe at this point the Penny and Primrose feel any further contact with each other is unbearable because of the underlying memories of any supplementary conversation. Yet they are still searching for what is real within them selves. Searching to the extent that both women are drawn back in to the woods and for the same reason. Primrose goes to the woods with purpose; she even follows the same path from years ago. Primrose had really been in a magic forest. She knew that the forest was a source of terror† (Byatt). While in the forest she questions what is real in her life, her home and how her mother disclosed that her father had been killed. She resolves that the forest and what happened in it to be truly real. In all of her thinking she decides she is satisfied and in turn wants to go home. The way Primrose views this experience and the woods around her in a story like fashion is very telling about why she deals in storytelling for a job. It all comes from the same place and this is why she has always careful not to scare the children she reads to. Penny on the other hand ends up in the forest even after purposely walking in the opposite direction of their original path. She is very perceptive of her surroundings in a different way than Primrose, who feels the need to almost coach herself along in a story like fashion, whereas Penny was looking for signs of the creature. She looked for all things that would be concrete evidence of the creature. It was the encounter with the thing that led her to deal professionally in dreams. Something that resembled unreality that had lumbered into reality, and she had seen it† (Byatt). Penny believed she could feel the creature and decided that it chose to recede back into the forest. She also spent some time thinking of her own father and how when he died her mother became a recluse, seeing this reaction scared her emotionally. This is the reason she threw herself in to study and possibly never married. At the end of it all this women still do not converse or sit with one another when taking the same train home. They just share an acknowledgeable stare at the train station then go their separate ways. Primrose goes home and back to work but with a new confidence, she decides to tell the story of â€Å"The Thing in the Forest† she is no longer afraid. Penny goes back to the woods with the conviction that she needs this, for this creature to come to her because it has become the most real thing she can recognize. â€Å"She was ready† and waiting for it (Byatt). Despite how different these women are, they are one in the same. Penny and Primrose shared something awful that forever changed them in very similar ways. They also shared separate experiences in the same forest and came to the same realizations that the creature is real and it had affected their person emotionally and steered their paths throughout life. It is apparent to me that that these similarities the women share cannot be a coincidence but are a direct result of that horrifying day they saw â€Å"The Thing in the Forest†.

Scholarly Text Reflection

My scholarly text â€Å"How useful is plantations in learning anatomy' was written by a group of researchers. Some elements that helped me comprehend the text w as the vocabulary because it was anatomy terminology that is in my anatomy and physiology cal as. What also helped me was the texts formation because it was in order from the experiment .NET that was taken place. I was also familiar with the tables and charts in the article as well.Some key ideas from the text that I understood was the type of experiment the at was being made along with why and what it was for. Also knew what plantations was b cause of the surrounding vocabulary that helped me figure out what it meant, it means the hands on work with materials and cadavers. I believe that the plantations works well with lea ring anatomy or any subject with students learning about it. These contribute because it all reel dates back to anatomy and the human body and the subject of the article.One place that confused me or prov okes a question is the tables and charts. T here are some words and numbers on them that don't make sense because don't know w what they refer to. Although understand most of the table and its data, I don't fully get it. A s tragedy could use to address my confusion with is to reread the text that talks about the tables and charts, then go over the tables and charts again. If still can't figure out my confusion I would ask my teacher for help or from an expert.

Brain essays

Brain essays Your brain's right and left side have distinctly different ways of looking at the world. The left side of the brain controls the right side of your body and, in essence, is logical analytical, judgmental and verbal. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and leans more to the creative, the intuitive. It is considered more with the visual and emotional side of life. Most people, if they thought about it, would identify more with their left side of the brain. As you read, your left side of the brain is sensibly making connections and analyzing the meaning of the words, the syntax and other complex relationships while putting it into a "language" you can understand. Meanwhile, your right side of the brain is providing emotional and even humorous cues, decoding visual information and maintaining an integrated story structure. While all of this is going on, the two sides are constantly communicating with each other across a connecting fibre tract called the corpus callosum. There is a certain amount of overlap but essentially the two hemispheres of the brain are like two different personalities that working alone would be somewhat lacking and overspecialized, but when functioning together bring different strengths and areas of expertise to make an integrated whole. So, when trying to find out what side of the brain Richard uses more often, he had to take different types and styles of tests. These tests consisted of; an alert scale of cognitive style test, a multiple intelligence self-assessment test, and a brain dominance indicator test. As the results came back, it is understood that Richard's brain is more left-sided than right-sided. Also, he is very bodily kinesthetic intelligent and interpersonal intelligent. Richard is going into the business field, and most people in the business field are left-brained and have interpersonal intelligence, meaning, yes, Richard is going into a field that he will be...

Promoting Your Books With Pinterest

Promoting Your Books With Pinterest Pinterest, a social media site, initially was popular among crafters, homemakers and Do-It-Yourselfers. Its becoming a popular destination as authors search for additional marketing possibilities. Pinterest can drive traffic to an authors blog or website, increase reader awareness and generate book sales. PINTEREST Pinterest is a free site (www.pinterest.com) where users set up boards and pin things they like to their boards. Think having a wall full of   bulletin boards. Create as many boards as you desire – one or hundreds. Name them – Books to read, Gardens, Fun to wear, etc. If you see a post on the main page that you like, click the heart on the upper right. If you want to save it, click pin it on the upper left. A box opens up where you choose which board to pin it to. Follow people. For instance, type chopeclark in the search box and youll find Hopes Pinterest page. On the upper right, click follow. Its that easy. Dont forget add your Pinterest link in your signature block, on your website and on your blog posts. WHY PINTEREST? Pinterest has over 100 million users. An estimated 70 percent of users pin/click through each month. Some authors have reported that Pinterest generated traffic surpassed Google+ and Twitter. TO PROMOTE YOUR BOOKS Set up a board for each book, or each series. Add a description about your book on each board. Include relevant keywords to show up in searches. Include links to your web site, blog, and sales page. (Descriptions are limited 500 characters. Bitly.com shortens those lengthy Amazon links.) Add pins that complement your book. Good visual images have the best chances of getting repined. They recommend having at least five pins on each board. Add pins that reflect the time period of your book, the area its set in, food or clothing of the era, recipes, etc. For instance, on my Trail Angel Mama – hiking board, I added pins about the Pacific Crest Trail, Wrightwood, California (story location), and links to useful hiking pages. When I publish a blog, I pin to my board, which directs Pinterest users back to my blog. When you start a new project, create a new board. Add pictures and information from your research. If the WIP name changes, edit the boards name. This helps promote your book prior to publication. Author Susan Wittig Albert has several series: China Bayles, Darling Dahlias and the Robin Paige Victorian mysteries that she co-writes with her husband, along with several stand-alone historical fiction books. Shes an active Pinterest user: 127 boards, 2,000 pins, and 3,000 followers. See her Pinterest page here. https://www.pinterest.com/susanwalbert/ Another Pinterest author is J.F. Penn. She has 31 boards: one for each book, and one titled My Books. She has a A Day in the Life of a Writer board sharing snippets of her life.https://www.pinterest.com/jfpenn/ TIPS Pin things specific to your target audience. Is it useful or entertaining? Hot Pinterest topics are: Food, fashion, fitness, beauty, dà ©cor, travel, crafts, children and pets. Share pins with valuable content: Blog posts, images, videos, essays, stories, character profiles. Be steady and consistent with your pinning to maximize your exposure. Better to briefly pin several times a week instead of binge pinning once a month. Pin at peak viewing times: late afternoons, early evenings and weekends. Pin your own unique pins along with repining others in your theme. READ MORE HERE: 56 Ways to Market Your Business on Pinterest, copyblogger.com/pinterest-marketing/ Your Writer Platform has a blog with usable tips and links detailing how to accomplish the recommended tasks. yourwriterplatform.com/use-pinterest-to-market-book-and-author-brand/

Knowledge is generated through the interaction of critical and Essay

Knowledge is generated through the interaction of critical and creative thinking. Evaluate this statement in two areas of knowle - Essay Example People need to only reflect on how whoever writes history develops greater power and it becomes too painfully real how knowledge enhances different forms of power, including political and economic power. How people acquire knowledge and define it, however, is highly debated. The rise of emotional intelligence, for instance, questioned knowledge as pure logic. Feminists aim to call emotions and perceptions as equally valuable sources and components of knowledge. Some also argue of the unification of creative and critical thinking, because they are related and more effective in generating knowledge together (Mayfield 4; Paul and Elder 118). This paper evaluates this belief using the areas of knowledge of ethics and sciences. Knowledge is generated through the interaction of critical and creative thinking. Ethics refer to the people’s guiding principles of what is right or wrong (Means 52). Ethics uses both critical and creative thinking skills. This paper first defines and diffe rentiates critical thinking and creative thinking. In the traditional TOK Diagram, see figure 1 below, the ways of knowing are through emotions, reason, sense perception, and language. Creative and critical thinking are both ways of knowing, but they are closely interrelated (Paul and Elder 118). Critical thinking analyzes and evaluates a particular material, while creative thinking concerns inventing something new (Mayfield 4). Creativity, however, has a â€Å"critical component,† and not just portraying â€Å"imagination† or â€Å"inventiveness† (Paul and Elder 118). In business, for instance, creativity is valuable if it leads to innovation of products, services, processes, and systems. Creativity must also have a critical output too. In connection to the TOK diagram, critical thinking primarily involves reason and language, or the right side of â€Å"knowing† in the TOK diagram. Creative thinking uses emotion and sense perception, or the left side of â€Å"knowing.† Reason and language are often used by sciences, but ethics employ emotion and sense perception too. But clearly, the diagram is a circle. It shows the unity of all forms of knowing for all areas of knowledge. Ethics uses reason and language too. It must be reasonable to be embraced by people, and it must also use persuasive language to convince people of its effectiveness in differentiating right from wrong. Knowers should be able to use all four ways of knowing to arrive at a balanced and ethical decision or option (Paul and Elder 118). Figure 1: Traditional TOK Diagram Ethics cannot be arrived at by using only emotion and sense perception; it also needs the guidance of reason and language. An example is the ethics developed by Immanuel Kant. Kant argues that people should be responsible for their moral actions and they have a duty to act morally (Bartlett 224). This is based on both the emotions of doing what is right and the reason for choosing right over w rong. Emotions are important to ethics, because some people need to feel that they are doing the right thing. For instance, merely following instructions from a superior can seem right, but it can also feel wrong. This can be related to employees of Enron, who followed their corrupt executive managers, because they also wanted to be rich and improve the stock price of Enron. It seems right to be doing this for the company, but it feels wrong, because they are duping their shareholders, as well as their diverse stakeholders. Perceptions are further

Assessing & Analyzing the Impact of the British Petroleum (BP) Essay

Assessing & Analyzing the Impact of the British Petroleum (BP) Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico - Essay Example is a petroleum manufacturing company which was founded in the year 1889. It is a London based company and is one of the largest companies in the world. It is engaged in the business of exploration of oil and petroleum and manufacturing of various petroleum products. BP is vertically integrated and is engaged in all allied business activities related to the oil and gas industry (Yahoo Finance, 2012). It is a multinational company and its shares are traded in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and London Stock Exchange (LSE) with the ticker symbol â€Å"BP†. BP is associated with a rich history and has achieved numerous landmarks on its way to become a large multinational company as it stands today. BP is committed towards becoming the industry leader and maximising the wealth of its shareholders through energy supply to its customers in a responsible and safe manner. The business segments of BP are primarily two, namely a) the oil exploration and manufacturing unit, and b) the marketing and refining business unit. Recently BP has engaged itself in exploring sources of renewable energies as well. The recent tragic incident involving the Gulf of Mexico oil spill had a significant negative impact on BP and the company has taken several strategic initiatives to restore its reputation in the market. Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill The Gulf of Mexico oil spill incident took place on April 20, 2012. It is regarded as one of the largest disastrous event corresponding to the petroleum industry history. The incident took place at Deepwater Horizon, which is a semi-submersible rig meant for oil drilling and situated offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. An explosion occurred which set the oil rig on fire and 11 crewmen were found dead. Several other workers working there were injured. The explosion took place while the oil drilling was on at a water depth of around 1500 m and BP was the principle operator of this project. The explosion occurred because of the ignition of methane gas in the drilling rig which expanded into the rig due to high pressure exerted by the methane gas. Later on after this mishap, oil leak was found which began to spread at a fast rate. According to the reports of Flow Rate Technical Group, the leak resulted in spilling out of oil amounting to around 4,900,000 barrels of oil. The resulting oil spill quickly spread over a large area of water covering around 1,500 square kilometres. After considerable efforts the wellhead was successfully capped on July 15, 2010. A commission was set up by the US government to investigate on the reasons behind the explosion and oil spill which released its final report on January 5, 2011. According to this report several faults were identified on the part of BP which led to the occurrence of this disastrous event. They were mainly accused of making an attempt to work on the project at cheap rate that resulted in the explosion and oil leakage. One of such fault detected was that BP did not make use of any diagnostic tool which could have the ability to test for the tensile strength of the cement used to build the rig. Another major fault in the part of BP was that it ignored the pressure test which indicated negative results. In addition to this BP did not make any effort to plug the pipe with the help of cement. Hence all these facts suggest that BP was primarily responsible for the oil spill at Deepwater Hori

Introduction to earth science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Introduction to earth science - Research Paper Example Figure 1 below shows some markers like inter-seismic, co-seismic and post-seismic stages in the Earth that often lead to the happening of an earthquake. 2 The best approach for measuring the size of an earthquake is by determining the orientation of the fault, the direction of the slip, and the area of the fault that was affected during the earthquake (Brown et al., 1992). Through this process, it will be possible to estimate the amplitude of the waves generated by the earthquake by considering the area of the fault that broke and the magnitude of the slip caused by the vibration. In other words, earthquake sizes are currently estimated based on the amplitude of their seismic waves (Brown et al., 1992; Grotzinger et al., 2006). Earthquake magnitudes are measured on the Richter Scales. The figure 2 below show the relationship among the magnitude of an earthquake, the area of a fault that broke in the earthquake, the amount of slip in an earthquake, and the amount of strain energy rele ased in the earthquake (Brown et al., 1992) Magnitude Fault Area (km2) Fault Length (km) Slim (m) Energy (joule) Number/year 3 0.15 0.4 0.008 2x109 100,000 4 1.5 1.2 0.025 6x1010 15000 5 15 4 0.08 2x1012 3000 6 150 12 0.25 6x1013 100 7 1500 40 0.8 2x1015 20 8 1.5x104 120 2.5 6x1016 2 9 1.5x105 400 8 2x1018 Figure 2: Courtesy of Brown et al., 1992. 3 Because of the ways they affect human activities, earthquakes have been subjected to series of studies. One important aspect of the studies is to identify the causes of an earthquake, its size and its overall implications in the areas where it has struck. The old technique of analyzing these issues concentrate on the first seismic waves that emanate from an earthquake occurrence. These first seismic waves are referred to as first motions (Brown et al., 1992; Grotzinger et al., 2006). The first motions are then observed from a distant and analyzed to determine the focal mechanism of the earthquake. However, modern method of studying of ea rthquakes utilizes sophisticated analysis that may be difficult to explain because of its technical requirements. Lately, scientists are studying the impacts of earthquakes on the environments. Some of the questions experts are asking include but are not restricted the following: (i) Do earthquake cause social hygienic problems whenever it occur? (ii) How do earthquake affect the economy of a particular place where it has occurred. Some answers have been offered to explain the implications of earthquakes in our world; but some experts are still digging for more facts to identify the actual economic cost of an earthquake, and how such a catastrophe can be mitigated in the future (Brown et al., 1992). The most important thing about earthquake is finding the most efficient way to ignite alarm system to the people immediately it strikes. This would be able to minimize both human and economic losses the situation would have caused. In the developed 4 countries, policy makers are spending a lot of money to find out the most applicable earthquake signals that would encourage people to follow evacuation procedures as soon as the earthquakes occurred (Grotzinger et al., 2006). Countries like Indonesia and Japan where the occurrence of earthquakes seem to be once in every other week are constantly seeking the final solutions to the earthquake signal system so as to improve both the pre- and post-occurrence incidents, and subsequently save more lives and protect properties

Case Study of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and the Resultant Changes

Case Study of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and the Resultant Changes Research report of this case study is regarding of the Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster. Exxon Mobil Corporation is found on 30th November 1999 by merging Exxon and Mobil and its the largest publicly traded companies in the world. It is in the rank of #1 or #2 for the past 5 years. By the time it reached March 1989, a worst tragedy took place where caused by one of the largest super tanker in the world Exxon Valdez. [1] Different products have developed constantly in respond to changing demand for better in petroleum refinery. There a lot of processes involve in refinery, but the four main processes is refinery, separation, conversion and purification operation processes. At first the use of refinery is to create kerosene as cheaper and better compare to whale oil. Since all vehicles and airplane is combustion engine, it created more needs for petroleum. The location of Prince William Sound is so deep in where it only can be access by plane and boat. Due to this, the government and particular industries that involve had a tough time cleaning the disaster. By this major disaster, environment, economic and social were the main aspects were affected badly. It has given a negative impact on the lifestyle of the people in Prince William Sound.[2] A lot of action has been taken in the oil refinery industry after the oil spill, such as Operation Integrated Management System (OIMS), better radar system and Coast Guard in Prince William Sound. Introduction 2.1 Problem Statement By such disaster occurring, the exposure and early prevention steps would be taken by the society. Engineers will be efficient as in; safety and the quality would play a big role for them in their career by knowing the consequences of the major disaster. 2.2 Objective 1. The aim and objectives 2. To observe oil and refinery industrial processes and operations and learn the cause of the disaster 3. Risks of the oil spill disaster and pollution that affected all areas that lead to the oil spill disaster and pollution 4. The consequences of all the hazards of the oil spill disaster 5. To improvise and the changes in the management systems to prevent from the disaster to occur 2.3 Overview This research report is a case study of the Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster that took place in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Within six hours of the grounding, the Exxon Valdez spilled around 10.9 million gallons of its 53 million gallon cargo of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Eight of the eleven tanks on board were damaged. Even before this major disaster occurred, they were high risk of oil spill in Prince William Sound. There is still an unclear doubt why this oil spill took place. [1] 3. Aim and objectives of Exxon Mobil Corporation Exxon Mobil Corporation is merged in two companies which is Exxon and Mobil in the year of 1999. It is the worlds largest petroleum and petrochemical company and it is also the worlds leading traded international oil and gas company. Exxon Mobil markets fuel and lubricants are under three brands which are Esso, Exxon and Mobil. The corporation aims and objective is divided into few sectors: 3.1 Development Exxon Mobil is focused on serious and discipline investment decision to find the best solutions that can give a large amount of profit and also the same time increase the reliability and reduce the cost. Exxon Mobil is also focused on many major projects which have started with the design and the operating concept and delivery. 3.2 Employees Exxon Mobil is very choosy in taking in and retaining employers. They need employers who are extremely good and get the best out of them. They make the best of the best by sending them to the best training. They are very committed to maintain their safety during at workplace. A safe work environment enriched by diversity and characterized by open communication, trust and fair treatment.[3] 3.3 Communities Exxon Mobil is base throughout the world. Where ever the, they are very committed to be a good cooperate citizen. They maintain their high ethical standards, obey all applicable laws, rules and regulation and also respect the culture of the respective country. Among all those objectives above, they are more dedicated to running safe and environmentally responsible process. Exxon Mobil Corporation is self-motivated to be at the leading edge of competition in all the aspects of our business. They are very discipline and very selective in estimating the range of capital investment opportunities available to them. They create new ways such as develop proprietary technologies that provide a competitive edge. Their goals are achieved by flawlessly executing business plans and adhering to these guiding principles and the foundation policies. 3.4 Shareholders Exxon Mobil Corporation is committed to enhance the long term period value of the investment dollars trusted to them by the shareholders. At the end the shareholders would be rewarded with their superior returns. The momentum of this would enhance their management of their Corporation. [1] 3.5 Customers To remain successful in an industry, a company has to be firm to please those different perception customers to adapt to their needs. Exxon Mobil commits them self to offer high quality products and services at competitive prices. [1] Refinery Industrial Processes and operations Figure 1: Process Flow Diagram [4] Oil refinery industry is a process where a barrel of raw crude oil that contains a mixture of all sorts of hydrocarbons, is transform it to petrochemical fuel like petrol and diesel. All processes are done by heat, pressure and chemical reaction method. Valves and gadgets is the one regulated when the crude oil runs through many kilo metres of pipes. Computerizes gadgets used to monitor to control and optimize the processes that are undertaken. Refining Process In this industry, refining is the most simplest and common processes is under taken. It starts with the crude oil is been heated up to vaporize the oil in distillation tower. Naturally heavier molecules would not rise as lighter ones in the vapour and with this the vapour can condense with different levels. When the cooling process occurs at various degrees, the liquefied gasses are collected in condensation trays. By this various types of petrochemical material are obtained. [4] 4.2 Treatment The purpose of this process is for hydrocarbon streams to get ready for extra processing and to prepare complete products. Sometimes it includes the elimination or separation of aromatics and naphthenic also as impurities. Chemical or physical separation for instance dissolving, absorption, or precipitation using a variation and combination of processes containing desalting, drying, hydro desulfurizing, solvent refining, sweetening, solvent extraction, and solvent dew axing might be included. 4.3 Catalytic Cracking Catalytic processes are another type of processes. It involves the breaking of heavy molecules into more valuable light molecules. For an example the breaking of low bitumen to diesel or even petrol where this process takes place in a high temperature using an alumina silicate and alumina silicate acts as a catalyst to the process and helps to break down the molecule. This catalyst is in powder form. 4.6 Auxiliary operations and facilities Steam and power generation, process and fire water system, flares and relief system, furnaces and heaters, pumps and valves, supply of steam, air, nitrogen and other plant gases, alarms and sensors, noise and pollution controls, sampling, testing, inspecting, laboratory, control room, maintenance and managerial facilities. [5] 4.4 Other Refining Operations This includes light-ends recovery, sour-water stripping, solid waste and wastewater management, process-water treatment and cooling, storing and management, product movement, hydrogen production, acid and tail-gas treatment and sulphur retrieval. [5] 5. Risks in all areas that lead to disaster 5.1 Human Error Human error is the main contributing factors. The first mate or captain of the tanker Captain Hazelwood was under influence of alcohol, at that time of the incident. The captain was unable to concentrate on his responsibility. This could be avoided if the captain of the ship were more discipline during work. Hazelwood was send to alcohol rehabilitation for 28 days. The management knew about it and they followed his progress in rehab. The mistake the management did was, gave him the responsible to be a captain of vessel again. Instead of reinstating such a major responsible as a captain, they should have given him desk work job. Moreover the third mate who was in charge of the vessel when the major accident occurred. This is because he had very little sleep the night before grounding and they were lacking of staff on board tanker. When the Hazelwood went to sleep, the third mate had to take in charge to manoeuvre the tanker without having enough sleep.[6] 5.2 Failure of Coast Guard Safe proofing method has been established and agreed between State of Alaska, the Coast Guard and the oil industry. This is to avoid human error to occur. This method works when there is a form of iceberg the coast guard has to warn the captains and the captain has to slow down their tankers. However, most of the tankers did not follow to the rules including Exxon Valdez due to profit and eliminate down time. 5.3 Delayed Response Location of Prince Williams Sound is deep so deep in by geographical view, where can be only excessed by air or water made the response slow. Apart from the location, the weather also played another big factor. Due to delayed response on reacting to clean the mess, the oil polluted about 2000km of cost line and about 26000 square kilo meters of sea was contaminated. [10] Consequences Figure 2: State on-scene Coordinators [8] A tanker with crude oil from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska collides with a reef in Alaskas Prince William Sound and 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into one of the biggest coastlines. The horrible outcome out of the incident could have been reduced but due to the location, it made it hard for the clean-up team and the government to react. Even Exxon Mobile did not react fast due to their unstable system in place to deal with the crisis. There is no any commitment given by Exxon Mobile to ensure that this same incident will occur again. [9] 6.1 Economical The total money to just clean the mess is approximately USD 2.1 billion dollars and fine is USD 5 billion dollars of this was the biggest penalizing fines ever charged out to a company. The total Exxon Mobile had to fork out USD 7.1 billion dollars. Those fishermens were affected badly, till their livelihoods were affected. They were relying on that for surviving. They lost around yearly gross valued at USD 174 million dollars. Due to this tourism industry were affected as well. [8] 6.2 Environmental Ecological system and wildlife were destroyed fully. Shoreline for 1400 miles was affected till they cant find those areas. A total of 1,015 dead Sea otters, 36,466 dead Sea birds 144 dead bald eagles, 302 harbour and more than 100,000 of oiled birds. The number for dead birds was the highest compare to Heneman oil spill happen in 1989. Some species sinked when they die, due to that the whole sea was polluted. Most of the marine mammals fall sick due to ingesting oil while trying to clean oil of their furs or feathers or eating intoxicated prey. [9] Improvement and Changes in the Management System 7.1 Operation Integrity Management System After the oil spill Exxon Mobil Corporation devised a complete 11 point plan which covers from management to employees and everything including facilities and training. Exxon Mobil implemented an approach where safety is a major factor. The multilevel (OIMS) covers an extensive level of element in management system. This elements could classified as leadership management in safety and accountability, design, constructing and maintaining facilities, readiness in facing emergency, adaptation to change, continuous assessment of performance and inquiries in accident and incidents. When this policy been implemented Exxon had to go through a lot of changes and this changes lead to more improve and safe environment. This creates, Exxon Mobil to be the leader for safety in the industry. [4] 7.2 Management Leadership Implementation of safety starts at the management and work itself down to the labour force. This is because at the management level, the planning of the health and safety procedure is done. Thus enforcing safety measures also the responsibility of the management. This is done by identifying the risk involves followed by setting clear performances criteria. This can be done by creating a clear risk management procedure. Once that is done the leadership in the organization should have a strict enforcement policy where everybody involve should be given proper training and additional exposure to the risk and safety measure are involve. [4] 7.3 Construction and Facilities When designing a facilities and construction of the facilities there is different type degree of safeties. For an example when u designing a machinery or tool, in this case best related to a building of a oil tanker. After the catastrophic disaster of Exxon Valdez, the safety emphasis on the design was changed. For an example, tankers now are re-enforced by having double hull and other safety measures are more efficient. The operation safety is emphasis by training where is given to all ship crew. For an example, navigation officers are given training in extreme condition ship manoeuvring. [4] Improvement and Policies After the incident Exxon Mobil had strict recruitment policies where all employees which are new has to go through an alcohol and drug screening. This was also implemented on existing staff and this was done after the incident. If in case there was a employee who was under the influence of any substance on board a vessel would be stopped from sailing again until they can prove that they would not repeat and gone through proper rehabilitation. [4] Conclusion The conclusion is Exxon Valdez was one of the major oil spill disaster. It effect of this incident was wide spread and very devastating. Resulting from a human error and negligence, many innocent people and environment was affected. From this case study it can be said that a good safety plan is required. Management also should always be responsible with their action and measures to prevent such disaster. Given the situation and late response to the disaster made the incident even worse. They were many guidelines that did not followed by the management and employees, for an example the captain who was under the influence of alcohol and the lack of crew members on board. Incident happens because of human error. The crew on board was very badly trained or not trained at all for any kind of situation. Therefore more training needed in future for all the employees, there should be always a body which monitors the training and sets on-going training for all the staffs. The management should also enforce health and safety guidelines in a regular basis. To ensure in the future there will be any similar incidents occurring. There also should be a team that ensures the maintainers of the tanker and equipment on board. The Exxon Valdez spill was a lesson well learned by everyone especially Exxon Mobil Corporation and other oil and gas companies.

Using the Google Search Engine :: Computer Science

Using the Google Search Engine find two internet sites that provide internet resources for the study of Australian Literature. -http://www.middlemiss.org/lit/lit.html -http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ozlit/ ii. Write a detailed summary in no more than 600 words of what kind of information and services the sites provide. Give examples as necessary. The first of the two websites that I looked at was www.middlemiss.org/lit/lit.html, it is constructed by Perry Middlemiss who is a lover of books, and who wishes to pay credit to those 'forgotten' Australian writers on the Web. Middlemiss begins by naming 70 Australian authors, and also provides links to those authors, and those who do not have links to other sites a promise is made that they will be provided in the future. By simply clicking on one of the authors, for example Miles Franklin, you are led to a web page that gives a brief biography of the author, and also a list of her works, some of which also have links that give a brief insight. The site also provides listings of the winners of literary prizes, and in particular The Miles Franklin Award, and The Australian/Vogel Award. Again by clicking on these we are lead to a page that provides the winners of these awards, and also those that were shortlisted. A page that provides a short description on the authors and the books that are listed are available by clicking on the links. Another form of Australian Literature that is provided is poems. Middlemiss offers his favourite poet, Victor Daley on the site, and lists some of his poems, which are all accessible. He also lists other Australian poets, all of which have further links. By clicking on the poet's name we are lead to a site that offers a short biography of the poet, for example Adam Lindsay Gordon, the site also offers a list of his poetry collections and biographies, some of which have further links that discuss that particular item. Links are also available to full texts of the poems that are listed. For example by clicking on The Trenches by Frederic Manning we are lead to the full version of the poem. Also available are links to different Australian novels, which have been segregated under different topic headings, these include fiction, drama, art, food, histories, and others. Ozlit (http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ozlit/) offers more than 500 pages of Australian Literary information, and more than 1100 entries in their Books and Writers database, which is also fully searchable. A search engine is available that allows you to search the whole Ozlit site for information. There is also a links database available that allows you to search for references on writers.